| Identity | Alpha-arbutin; CAS 84380-01-8; identity confirmed by HPLC retention time and a complementary technique such as FTIR. | CAS number and HPLC identity are stated, with one supporting identification test. | Only the name “arbutin” is shown, or beta-arbutin and alpha-arbutin are not distinguished. | Check the COA, specification sheet, SDS, and test-method description. |
| HPLC assay | ≥99.0% alpha-arbutin by HPLC, preferably reported on an as-is basis with the calculation method stated. | 98.0–98.9% with a clear method, batch number, test date, and specification limit. | “High purity” is claimed without a numerical result, chromatogram, or method reference. | Confirm HPLC conditions, result, units, basis of calculation, and whether related arbutin isomers are separated. |
| HPLC method transparency | Column, mobile phase, flow rate, detector wavelength, injection volume, run time, reference standard, and system-suitability information are provided. | A recognized or validated HPLC method is cited, but some operating parameters are omitted. | A percentage is provided with no test method or laboratory traceability. | Request the chromatogram and the laboratory’s method summary. |
| COA traceability | Batch-specific COA showing manufacturing date, retest or expiry date, sample date, test date, laboratory identification, and authorized approval. | Batch number and test date are present, but laboratory accreditation or approval details are limited. | A generic COA is reused across batches or contains no lot number. | The lot number on the COA must match the package label and shipping documents. |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤10 ppm as a practical raw-material screening limit; lower results are preferable. | More than 10 ppm only where a documented legal or product-specific limit permits it. | No individual lead result is reported. | Verify ICP-MS, ICP-OES, or an equivalent validated elemental-analysis method. |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤2 ppm as a conservative screening benchmark. | Above 2 ppm only when justified by the applicable market-specific requirement and risk assessment. | Only “heavy metals pass” is reported without an arsenic value. | Check the individual arsenic result and reporting limit. |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤1 ppm as a conservative screening benchmark. | A documented market-specific limit is met, with the numerical result disclosed. | Cadmium is not tested separately. | Confirm the analytical technique, sample preparation, and detection limit. |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤1 ppm as a conservative screening benchmark. | A documented market-specific limit is met, with the numerical result disclosed. | Mercury is included only in a non-specific total-heavy-metals statement. | Review the individual mercury result and laboratory reporting limit. |
| Microbiological quality | Total aerobic microbial count and yeast/mold results are reported, with absence of specified pathogens where relevant to the intended use. | Basic microbial limits and a pass/fail conclusion are provided. | No microbiological information is available for a cosmetic-grade powder. | Use the finished-product risk assessment and applicable cosmetic standard for the target market. |
| Physical specifications | White to off-white powder, controlled moisture or loss on drying, defined particle-size or solubility profile, and no abnormal odor. | Appearance and at least one physical parameter are specified. | No appearance, moisture, solubility, or storage information is supplied. | Compare the COA with the specification sheet and inspect the sealed package. |