| Dental and Oral Health |
Inspection of the teeth, gums, tongue, oral tissues, and jaw during a physical examination. |
Bad breath, red or bleeding gums, visible tartar, chewing difficulty, dropping food, or reduced appetite. |
Oral examination, periodontal probing, dental radiographs when indicated, and professional cleaning under anesthesia when treatment is required. |
About 80% of dogs older than three years are commonly reported in veterinary guidance to have some form of periodontal disease. |
Untreated periodontal disease can cause pain, tooth loss, and progressive damage to tissues supporting the teeth. |
| General Wellness |
Evaluation of body weight, body condition, hydration, skin, coat, eyes, ears, heart, lungs, abdomen, and mobility. |
Weight change, reduced activity, persistent itching, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, or changes in drinking and urination. |
Complete physical examination supported by a detailed history and weight trend. |
Healthy adult pets generally benefit from at least an annual examination; younger, older, or chronically ill pets may need more frequent visits. |
Routine examinations can reveal subtle changes before an illness produces severe or obvious symptoms. |
| Blood Screening |
Assessment of red and white blood cells, platelets, organ-related enzymes, electrolytes, glucose, and proteins. |
Fatigue, pale gums, unexplained weight loss, appetite changes, recurrent infections, or increased thirst. |
Complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile, selected according to age, history, and clinical findings. |
Screening frequency is individualized; testing is especially useful before anesthesia, during illness, or when monitoring long-term treatment. |
Blood testing may detect anemia, inflammation, infection, organ dysfunction, or metabolic abnormalities that are not visible externally. |
| Urinary and Kidney Health |
Review of urination habits, hydration status, blood pressure when appropriate, and kidney-related clinical signs. |
Frequent urination, straining, blood in urine, accidents indoors, excessive thirst, or reduced urine output. |
Urinalysis, urine specific gravity, kidney-related blood markers, and imaging when clinically indicated. |
Urinalysis can provide information about concentration, blood, protein, glucose, cells, crystals, and signs of infection. |
Early assessment can help identify urinary disease, dehydration, diabetes-related changes, or reduced kidney concentrating ability. |
| Parasite Prevention |
Risk assessment based on age, lifestyle, travel, outdoor exposure, diet, and contact with other animals. |
Coughing, diarrhea, poor growth, dull coat, itching, visible parasites, or unexplained anemia. |
Fecal examination, heartworm testing where relevant, skin examination, and parasite-specific tests. |
Testing and preventive plans should follow local parasite risks and the pet’s exposure profile; young animals often require repeated fecal evaluations. |
Parasites may cause gastrointestinal disease, anemia, skin problems, or illnesses that can also affect people. |
| Vaccination and Infection Risk |
Review of vaccination history, lifestyle, geographic exposure, boarding, grooming, and contact with unfamiliar animals. |
Fever, nasal or eye discharge, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or sudden loss of appetite. |
Medical history, physical examination, targeted laboratory tests, and diagnostic imaging when needed. |
Vaccination schedules vary by species, age, health status, exposure risk, and local regulations; not every vaccine is needed at the same interval. |
Individualized preventive care reduces avoidable infection risk while limiting unnecessary interventions. |
| Senior-Pet Monitoring |
Comparison with previous weight, mobility, behavior, appetite, cognition, and organ-health measurements. |
Stiffness, confusion, sleep changes, weight loss, reduced grooming, increased thirst, or difficulty climbing stairs. |
Physical examination, blood and urine testing, blood pressure measurement, and imaging based on findings. |
Older pets often benefit from examinations more frequently than once yearly, with timing determined by species, age, and medical history. |
Regular monitoring helps distinguish normal aging from treatable pain, endocrine disease, kidney disease, or other chronic conditions. |
| Diagnostic Imaging |
Selection of imaging based on the body system involved and the clinical question. |
Persistent pain, lameness, abdominal enlargement, breathing difficulty, repeated vomiting, or unexplained weight loss. |
Radiography, ultrasound, or other imaging modalities when justified by the examination and history. |
Imaging is not automatically required for every visit; it is chosen when examination findings suggest an internal structural problem. |
Imaging can identify fractures, foreign bodies, organ changes, masses, fluid accumulation, or other conditions that cannot be assessed externally. |