| 1. Fractures |
Sudden lameness, pain, swelling, or an abnormal limb position after an injury. |
Physical examination and radiographs; additional imaging may be recommended for complex fractures. |
Depending on the fracture, options may include a splint or cast, surgical fixation, and restricted activity during healing. |
Seek urgent veterinary care for a suspected fracture, especially if there is severe pain, an open wound, or inability to bear weight. |
| 2. Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) Tear |
Hind-limb lameness, difficulty rising, reduced activity, or recurring limping; onset can be sudden or gradual. |
Orthopedic examination, including assessment of knee stability; radiographs can help evaluate the joint and plan treatment. |
Management may include activity restriction, weight management, pain control, rehabilitation, or surgery. The appropriate plan depends on the individual dog. |
Arrange an examination when lameness persists or returns. Sudden severe pain warrants prompt veterinary assessment. |
| 3. Hip Dysplasia |
Stiffness, difficulty standing or jumping, reduced exercise tolerance, or a swaying gait. Signs can vary with age and severity. |
Orthopedic examination and hip radiographs, usually taken in a standardized position; sedation may be needed for accurate imaging. |
Options may include weight control, appropriate exercise, pain management, rehabilitation, or surgery in selected cases. |
Book an assessment for ongoing stiffness, pain, or reduced mobility so a veterinarian can identify the cause and discuss options. |
| 4. Elbow Dysplasia |
Front-limb lameness, stiffness after rest or exercise, and reluctance to run or play; it often affects young, growing dogs. |
Gait and joint examination with radiographs; CT or other imaging may be considered when further detail is needed. |
Treatment can include activity and weight management, pain relief, rehabilitation, and, in some cases, surgery. |
Seek veterinary evaluation for persistent front-limb lameness, particularly in a growing dog. |
| 5. Patellar Luxation |
Intermittent skipping or briefly holding up a hind leg, sometimes followed by a return to normal walking. |
Physical examination to assess kneecap movement and limb alignment; radiographs may help assess severity and plan care. |
Mild cases may be monitored or managed conservatively; recurrent signs or more severe cases may lead to a discussion of surgery. |
Arrange an examination if skipping is frequent, worsening, or accompanied by pain or persistent lameness. |
| 6. Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) |
Lameness, joint pain, or stiffness, often in a young, growing dog; the affected joint influences the signs. |
Orthopedic examination and imaging, commonly radiographs; advanced imaging may be recommended for some joints. |
Care may involve restricted activity and pain management; arthroscopic or open surgery may be considered depending on the lesion. |
Have persistent lameness or joint pain assessed, particularly in a young dog that is still growing. |
| 7. Osteoarthritis |
Stiffness after rest, slower walks, difficulty with stairs, or reduced willingness to jump. Signs may develop gradually. |
History and physical examination; radiographs may help assess joint changes and rule out other causes. |
Long-term plans may combine healthy weight management, appropriate exercise, rehabilitation, and veterinarian-directed pain management. |
Schedule a veterinary visit for ongoing mobility changes or discomfort; do not give human pain medicines unless a veterinarian directs you. |