| Preventive Care |
Routine wellness examination |
To assess overall health and identify problems early. |
At least annually for many healthy adult animals; more often for seniors, young animals, or animals with chronic conditions. |
Physical examination, health-history review, weight assessment, discussion of nutrition, behavior, and preventive care. |
| Preventive Care |
Vaccination |
To help protect against specific infectious diseases. |
According to species, age, lifestyle, local disease risks, and current immunization history. |
Risk assessment, administration of appropriate vaccines, documentation, and monitoring for immediate reactions. |
| Parasite Control |
Internal and external parasite management |
To prevent or treat parasites such as worms, fleas, ticks, and mites. |
When exposure risk exists, parasites are detected, or signs such as itching, diarrhea, anemia, or weight loss occur. |
Diagnostic testing when appropriate, selection of a suitable treatment plan, dosage guidance, and prevention advice. |
| Diagnostic Care |
Laboratory testing |
To evaluate organ function, detect infection, and investigate unexplained symptoms. |
Before certain procedures, during illness, for monitoring chronic disease, or as part of age-related screening. |
Blood, urine, fecal, skin, or other relevant samples may be collected and interpreted. |
| Diagnostic Care |
Diagnostic imaging |
To examine bones, organs, soft tissues, or internal abnormalities. |
When injury, abdominal disease, respiratory problems, pregnancy-related concerns, or other internal conditions are suspected. |
Radiography, ultrasound, or other appropriate imaging may be recommended and reviewed. |
| Medical Treatment |
Medication and fluid therapy |
To treat infection, inflammation, pain, dehydration, allergies, and other medical conditions. |
After an examination and diagnosis, or when supportive care is needed. |
Prescription medication, dosage instructions, injectable or oral therapy, fluid administration, and follow-up monitoring. |
| Dental Care |
Oral examination and professional dental cleaning |
To reduce dental plaque and tartar and manage oral disease. |
When bad breath, tartar, gum inflammation, difficulty eating, or dental pain is present; routine checks are also important. |
Oral examination, dental scaling and polishing under anesthesia when needed, dental radiographs, and treatment recommendations. |
| Surgical Care |
Soft-tissue surgery |
To remove diseased tissue, repair injuries, or treat conditions that require an operation. |
For wounds, masses, foreign bodies, reproductive procedures, or other conditions identified through examination. |
Preoperative assessment, anesthesia planning, surgical intervention, pain control, and postoperative instructions. |
| Orthopedic Care |
Fracture and joint management |
To restore mobility and manage bone, ligament, or joint problems. |
After trauma, when lameness persists, or when developmental or degenerative joint disease is suspected. |
Physical examination, imaging, stabilization, medical treatment, rehabilitation advice, or referral when advanced care is needed. |
| Reproductive Care |
Reproductive examination and sterilization procedures |
To manage reproductive health and prevent unwanted reproduction. |
For breeding assessments, pregnancy concerns, reproductive disease, or elective sterilization. |
Reproductive examination, pregnancy evaluation when appropriate, surgical sterilization, and perioperative care. |
| Emergency Care |
Urgent stabilization and treatment |
To address life-threatening conditions and reduce immediate risk. |
After severe injury, breathing difficulty, poisoning, uncontrolled bleeding, collapse, seizures, or sudden severe illness. |
Rapid assessment, stabilization, oxygen support, pain control, fluid therapy, emergency diagnostics, and referral if required. |
| Chronic Disease Care |
Long-term disease management |
To control ongoing conditions and maintain quality of life. |
For diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, arthritis, or recurring allergies. |
Customized treatment plans, medication adjustments, dietary guidance, scheduled testing, and progress monitoring. |
| Behavior and Welfare |
Behavior assessment and welfare guidance |
To identify medical contributors to behavior changes and improve overall well-being. |
When aggression, anxiety, house-soiling, appetite changes, excessive vocalization, or unusual behavior develops. |
Medical evaluation, environmental recommendations, behavior-management guidance, and referral to a qualified specialist when appropriate. |
| End-of-Life Care |
Palliative care and humane euthanasia |
To relieve suffering and support comfort when recovery is unlikely or quality of life is severely reduced. |
After assessment of pain, mobility, appetite, comfort, and the overall quality of life. |
Comfort-focused treatment, quality-of-life discussion, end-of-life planning, and humane euthanasia when medically and ethically appropriate. |
